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Part 107 exam prep for the FAA knowledge test: study guides, a free practice test, and a course built on real FAA charts.

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Astra Pilot Academy is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Course-completion credential, not an FAA remote pilot certificate. FAA fees and passing score — confirm current details at faa.gov. FAA charts are public-domain U.S. Government works.

Part 107

Part 107 study guides

Short explainers for the topics people look up while studying for the remote pilot knowledge test, weighted toward regulations, operations, and airspace. Each page cites the FAA source, shows three questions from the course bank, and links to the free 20-question practice test.

Airspace and charts

  • Part 107 airspace classesClass B, C, D, E, and G for the Part 107 test: what each class is, how it is charted, and when §107.41 requires ATC authorization.
  • Sectional chart symbols for Part 107How to read sectional airport symbols, the circled C, obstruction heights, and the legend on FAA-CT-8080-2H figures.
  • Magenta and blue airspace linesWhat solid and dashed magenta and blue lines mean on a VFR sectional, and which of those lines require Part 107 ATC authorization.
  • MOAs and restricted areasHow Part 107 treats Military Operations Areas, restricted areas, and prohibited areas, including the §107.45 permission rule.
  • Chart latitude and longitudeHow latitude and longitude work on a sectional: equator, Greenwich, minutes, and why runway numbers are magnetic.
  • NOTAMs for Part 107Why a Part 107 preflight includes NOTAMs, how TFRs fit under §107.47, and how to get a briefing from Flight Service.
  • AGL versus MSLAGL is height above the ground below the aircraft. MSL is height above mean sea level. The 400-foot limit is AGL; bold obstruction numbers are MSL.
  • How to read an airport data blockA blue airport symbol means a control tower; magenta means none. A star means the tower is part time. Runway digits are hundreds of feet, and elevation is MSL.
  • The Chart SupplementThe FAA Chart Supplement, formerly the Airport/Facility Directory, lists runways, lighting, remarks, and frequencies in more detail than the sectional data block.
  • Class B airspace for drone pilotsClass B is a solid blue line. A 110/SFC label is the surface to 11,000 feet MSL. Prior ATC authorization is required anywhere inside, including below 400 feet.
  • Class C airspace for drone pilotsClass C is solid magenta. 41/SFC is the surface to 4,100 feet MSL, and the 41/13 shelf ceilings at 4,100 feet MSL. Prior ATC authorization is required.
  • Class D airspace for drone pilotsClass D is a dashed blue line, and it needs prior ATC authorization. A boxed ceiling like [-30] is the surface up to but not including 3,000 feet MSL.
  • Class E airspace that does not start at the surfaceFaded magenta marks Class E at 700 feet AGL and faded blue at 1,200. Below that floor is often Class G, so §107.41 does not apply. Victor airways are blue V lines.
  • Class E surface areasDashed magenta means Class E starts at the surface. Inside those lateral boundaries, §107.41 requires prior ATC authorization even when the airport has no tower.
  • Class G airspace drone rulesClass G needs no ATC authorization for the airspace itself. The 400-foot AGL limit, 87 knots, 3 statute miles, and cloud clearance still apply.
  • How to read a sectional MEFA sectional MEF is the quadrant's highest elevation in feet MSL, after the charting allowances, rounded up. A large 4 and a small 1 means 4,100 feet MSL.
  • Military training routesVR marks a VFR military training route, not a Victor airway. Four digits means no segment above 1,500 feet AGL. Crossing is not banned, but the traffic is fast and low.
  • National security areasA National Security Area note that asks pilots to avoid the area is a request. It is not the same legal bar as a prohibited area unless a restriction is in effect.
  • Obstruction heights on a sectionalOn a sectional obstruction, the bold number is feet MSL and the number in parentheses is feet AGL. A symbol reading 1,230 and (825) is both heights of one tower.
  • Stadium flight restrictionsA standing §99.7 instruction restricts aircraft within 3 nautical miles and up to 3,000 feet AGL of covered stadium events, from 1 hour before until 1 hour after.

Weather

  • How to read a METARDecode a METAR for the Part 107 test: wind, visibility, ceiling, temperature, and altimeter, using FAA-CT-8080-2H Figure 12.
  • How to read a TAFDecode a U.S. NWS TAF for Part 107: the valid period, FM, TEMPO, and PROB30, and how a TAF differs from a METAR.
  • Stable and unstable airStable air favors stratiform clouds, poor visibility, steady precipitation, and smooth air. Unstable air favors cumulus, turbulence, and good visibility outside showers.
  • Ceilings, fog, and dew pointA ceiling is the lowest broken or overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration. OVC007 is 700 feet AGL. Two statute miles is below the Part 107 minimum.
  • Fog, dew point, and frontsA small temperature and dew point spread means fog or low clouds are more likely. A fast-moving cold front brings brief, intense weather, then clearing.
  • Thunderstorms and microburstsThe mature thunderstorm stage is the most hazardous, with strong updrafts and downdrafts. A microburst is a localized downdraft that produces low-level wind shear.

Performance

  • Density altitudeWhat density altitude means on the Part 107 test: hot, high, and humid air, and why a multirotor makes less lift.
  • Load factorLoad factor on the Part 107 test: what a G is, how bank angle multiplies it, and how to read FAA-CT-8080-2H Figure 2.
  • Center of gravity and weightCenter of gravity and weight for Part 107: the balance point, why an off-limit CG is unstable, and why weight is a separate limit.
  • Cold weather and drone batteriesCold reduces drone battery capacity and increases voltage sag, so flights run shorter. Keep a reserve. Ice on a propeller degrades lift, thrust, and control, so land.
  • The four forces of flightThe four forces are lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Load factor rises in a steep bank or an abrupt maneuver. A standard sea-level day is 29.92 inHg and 15 °C.

Rules and operations

  • Remote IDThe three Remote ID paths under 14 CFR Part 89: Standard Remote ID, a broadcast module, and a FRIA, plus what registration does not do.
  • Part 107 night operationsWhen Part 107 allows night flight without a waiver: the §107.29 training condition, anti-collision lights, and civil twilight.
  • Operations over peoplePart 107 Categories 1 through 4 for flying over people, including weight, injury thresholds, and open-air assemblies.
  • Waivers and authorizationsWhen Part 107 needs a waiver, when it needs an airspace authorization, and which FAA portal handles each request.
  • What LAANC authorizesWhat LAANC gives a Part 107 pilot: near-real-time airspace authorization up to the UAS Facility Map grid, not a waiver.
  • Part 107 recurrent trainingHow §107.65 currency works: the 24-calendar-month window, free ALC-677 recurrent training, and what a flight review does not do.
  • Part 107 age and medical rulesPart 107 eligibility: 16 to hold the certificate, no FAA medical certificate, and the English and fitness standards in §107.61.
  • Part 107 accident reportingWhen §107.9 requires a report to the FAA: serious injury, loss of consciousness, or more than $500 damage to other property, within 10 calendar days.
  • Visual line of sightWhat §107.31 requires you to see, why the camera does not count, and when a visual observer or a waiver is the legal path.
  • The Part 107 400-foot ruleThe §107.51 altitude limit: 400 feet AGL, the structure exception, and when a higher flight needs a waiver instead of LAANC.
  • Visibility and cloud clearancePart 107 minimums in §107.51: 3 statute miles from the control station, 500 feet below clouds, and 2,000 feet horizontally.
  • Part 107 aircraft registrationPart 107 registration under Part 48: every aircraft, $5 for 3 years, marked on the outside, including drones under 250 grams.
  • Aeronautical decision-makingADM is a systematic way to choose the best course of action. In PAVE, V is enVironment. DECIDE starts with Detect: a change has occurred.
  • Airport traffic patterns for remote pilotsStandard traffic-pattern turns are to the left. After takeoff the legs run upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, and final.
  • ATIS, AWOS, and ASOSATIS is a recorded airport broadcast you acknowledge by letter. AWOS and ASOS are automated weather. UNICOM advises; it does not clear you.
  • Aviation radio phraseologySpeak N-numbers with niner, tree, and fife, put the facility first in a radio call, and recognize a shortened ATC call sign.
  • Careless or reckless drone operationSection 107.23 bars careless or reckless flight that endangers life or property. The remote pilot in command stays responsible.
  • Category 1 operations over peopleCategory 1 is 0.55 pounds or less for the whole flight, with no exposed rotating parts that would lacerate skin. An open-air assembly also needs Remote ID.
  • Category 2 operations over peopleCategory 2 over people: an 11 foot-pound injury limit, an FAA-accepted declaration, a label, and Remote ID for an open-air assembly.
  • Category 3 operations over peopleCategory 3 uses a 25 foot-pound limit and may fly over people only at a closed site with notice, or without sustained flight.
  • Category 4 operations over peopleCategory 4 over people requires a Part 21 airworthiness certificate, Flight Manual limits, and the §107.140 maintenance rules.
  • Changing the address on a remote pilot certificateAfter a permanent address change, §107.77 gives you 30 days to notify the FAA by letter or the website before you exercise remote pilot privileges.
  • Condition for safe operationSection 107.15 bars flight unless the small UAS is safe to fly. The remote pilot checks it before each flight and stops if it is not.
  • Crew resource managementCrew resource management is using every human, hardware, and information resource you have. A visual observer helps. The remote pilot in command still decides.
  • CTAF, UNICOM, and MULTICOMCTAF is the self-announce frequency at a non-towered airport. A circled C marks it. With no tower, FSS, or UNICOM, use MULTICOM 122.9.
  • Dropping objects from a small unmanned aircraftPart 107 allows a drop that creates no undue hazard. A cleared, cordoned zone can qualify. A drop over trucks or a sidewalk does not.
  • Drug convictions and the remote pilot certificateUnder §107.57 a covered drug conviction can deny a remote pilot application for up to 1 year after final conviction, or suspend or revoke the certificate.
  • What a FRIA allowsA FRIA lets a drone fly without Remote ID only while the aircraft and the person at the controls both stay inside and the aircraft stays in sight.
  • FPV goggles under Part 107FPV goggles do not satisfy §107.31. The remote pilot must still be able to see the aircraft, and binoculars cannot replace that sight.
  • Hazardous attitudesThe five hazardous attitudes are anti-authority, impulsivity, invulnerability, macho, and resignation. Each has an antidote you say to yourself.
  • Hazardous materials on a small unmanned aircraftSection 107.36 prohibits a small unmanned aircraft from carrying hazardous material, as that term is defined in 49 CFR 171.8.
  • Medication, dehydration, and hyperventilationDrowsy cold medicine bars a Part 107 crewmember under §91.17(a)(3) via §107.27. Dehydration and hyperventilation are separate fitness problems.
  • The IMSAFE checklistS and F in IMSAFE are Stress and Fatigue on both FAA lists. The last E is Emotion in the Pilot's Handbook and AIM, and Eating in AC 107-2A.
  • In-flight emergency deviationsSection 107.21 lets the remote pilot deviate from Part 107 as far as an in-flight emergency requires, and send a written report if the FAA asks.
  • Lost link and return-to-homePart 107 does not prescribe one lost-link mode. The remote pilot must prevent an undue hazard, brief the contingency, and set return-to-home above surveyed obstacles.
  • Part 107 maximum groundspeedSection 107.51(a) limits small unmanned aircraft groundspeed to 87 knots, which is 100 mph. Airspeed below 87 knots does not raise that cap.
  • Sustained flight over an open-air assemblySustained flight over an open-air assembly is limited to Categories 1, 2, and 4, and only when the operation meets Remote ID.
  • Operating from a moving vehiclePart 107 bars control from a moving aircraft. A moving land or water vehicle is limited to a sparsely populated area, with no property carried for hire.
  • Operating near airports in Class GIn Class G near an airport, yield to manned aircraft and do not interfere with the pattern. Watch wires and thermal plumes.
  • Flying over people in moving vehiclesSection 107.145 limits flight over people in moving vehicles: a closed site with notice, or no sustained flight over the vehicles.
  • Part 107 alcohol rulesPart 107 uses §91.17 through §107.27: 8 hours after drinking, not under the influence, and not at an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater.
  • The Part 107 blood alcohol limitThe Part 107 alcohol concentration limit is 0.04. At 0.04 or greater you may not act as a crewmember, and feeling legal is not the same as being fit.
  • Part 107 versus TRUSTTRUST is the free online recreational safety test. Part 107 is the certificate for civil small UAS that are not flown under 49 USC 44809.
  • The Part 107 preflightSection 107.49 requires a preflight of the site, the crew, the control link, the power, the payload, and any over-people category.
  • Refusing an alcohol testRefusing a law-enforcement alcohol test under §91.17(c), or refusing to release results, can deny, suspend, or revoke a remote pilot certificate under §107.59.
  • When Remote ID stops broadcastingIf standard Remote ID or a broadcast module stops sending its required message, the person at the controls must land as soon as practicable.
  • Remote ID broadcast module rulesA Remote ID broadcast module sends the takeoff location, not a live control-station position, and the aircraft must stay in visual line of sight.
  • Remote pilot in command responsibilitiesUnder §107.19 the remote pilot in command is designated before or during the flight and is directly responsible for, and the final authority as to, the operation.
  • Right of way: yield to other aircraftUnder §107.37 a small unmanned aircraft yields to all other aircraft and stays well clear. Seeing that traffic is a §107.31 duty, not a camera task.
  • Which Part 107 rules can be waivedSection 107.205 lists the waivable Part 107 rules. The remote pilot certificate in §107.12 is not on that list. Class D still needs an authorization.
  • Runway numbers and closed-runway markingsA runway number times 10 is the approximate magnetic heading. A yellow X closes that runway, not the whole airport.
  • Showing your certificate and aircraftSection 107.7 requires the remote pilot certificate and ID on request, and lets the FAA inspect the aircraft. The remote pilot remains responsible for the flight.
  • Maintenance and inspectionsPart 107 has no Part 91 annual for a typical small UAS. Section 107.15 requires a safe condition, checked before each flight. A hard landing is unscheduled maintenance.
  • The 55-pound small UAS limitA small unmanned aircraft weighs less than 55 pounds at takeoff, including everything attached. The manufacturer's limit and the 0.55-pound Category 1 limit are separate.
  • Supervising a person without a certificateSomeone without a certificate may fly only while a current remote pilot directly supervises and can immediately take direct control of the aircraft.
  • Transponders and ADS-B OutPart 107 keeps the transponder off and ADS-B Out out of transmit mode unless the Administrator authorizes that equipment.
  • Visual observer requirementsA Part 107 visual observer is optional. When used, §107.33 requires communication, sight of the aircraft, and a scanning plan.
  • Which drones need Remote IDRemote ID applies to any drone required to be registered and any drone that is registered. The signal is a local radio broadcast, not an upload to the FAA.
  • Who needs a Remote Pilot CertificateAnyone acting as remote pilot in command under Part 107 needs a Remote Pilot Certificate and current §107.65 recency. The aircraft still needs its own registration.
  • Windsocks and the segmented circleA windsock points where the wind is going. Aircraft take off and land into the wind, and a segmented circle can show right traffic.
  • Zulu time for drone pilotsZulu is Coordinated Universal Time in 24-hour format. A METAR stamp like 092353Z is the 9th at 2353 UTC, and Runway 27 is spoken Two Seven.

The knowledge test

  • Part 107 test dayUAG test day at PSI: get an FTN in IACRA, schedule the knowledge test, bring acceptable photo ID, and confirm a fee near $175.
  • How hard is the Part 107 test?The UAG test is 60 scored questions, 70 percent to pass, weighted toward regulations, operations, and airspace. Here is what that means.
  • Part 107 passing scorePass the UAG with 70 percent of the 60 scored questions, which is 42. Five validation items are unscored, and you have 120 minutes.
  • Retesting after a failed Part 107 testAfter a failed UAG, §107.71 blocks another attempt for 14 calendar days. Bring the failing report. No instructor endorsement is required.
  • How much the Part 107 test costsKnowledge testing centers charge approximately $175 for the initial UAG. Confirm the figure on the PSI screen before you pay.
  • Part 61 pilots and the Part 107 certificateA current Part 61 pilot may complete FAA initial training instead of the UAG, then must still meet §107.65 before acting as remote pilot.
  • How to schedule the Part 107 test at PSIGet an FTN in IACRA, then schedule Unmanned Aircraft General – Small at the PSI login. That appointment is not a waiver.
  • The temporary remote pilot certificateSection 107.64 issues a temporary remote pilot certificate for up to 120 calendar days, long enough to act as remote pilot in command.

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